Research on weather systems in Central and West Asia; research and development of numerical prediction products for catastrophic weather in Xinjiang and Central Asia and refined forecasting techniques.

Based on the data and methods of tree annual rings, establish data sets of historical climate and hydrological change sequences and grids along the “Belt and Road” route, carry out research on climate change in Central and West Asia and neighboring key regions in the centennial to millennial period, and reveal the impact mechanisms of climate change based on proxy data, observation data and climate model results; build a Central Asian meteorological database. To study the patterns of change, physical mechanisms and future trends of extreme weather and climate events in the inland arid climate, subtropical desert climate and Mediterranean climate zones of the Eurasian region; to assess climate change in the arid zones of Central Asia and West Asia and its impact on the water cycle and ecosystems; and to research and develop regional short-term climate prediction techniques.

Facing the development of air water resources in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, air pollution control, the “dual-carbon target” and the demand for meteorological services for agriculture, the research and development of physical observation of cloud and precipitation in arid zones and cloud water resources monitoring technology will be carried out, and the potential for the development of cloud water resources in typical mountainous systems will be systematically assessed; research on the mechanism of atmospheric pollution in complex terrain and forecasting technology will be carried out. It will also conduct research on the mechanism and potential of “carbon sinks” in the ecosystems of arid zones, as well as research on key technologies for agricultural meteorological services, such as cotton and special forest fruits.